SerialParaReasonCareSecurityGlossary National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Glossary Navigation. A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   J   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y   Z. Which Cop Show has one not appeared in A Serial Killer is defined as someone who commits multiple murders, out of some kind of mental or sexual compulsion. Irish Torrent. The U. S. government recently revamped its password recommendations, abandoning its endorsement of picking a favorite phrase and replacing a couple characters with. A whiz kid magazine writer exposed 13 years ago as a serial fabricator, is telling what may be his most compelling story yet his own. Historian Did Hitler Have Reason To Hate The Jews History Articles, Holocaust Hype Articles, How The Jews Prompted A German Backlash. Back to Top. AAbductor muscle. A muscle used to pull a body part away from the midline of the body e. ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormoneACTH is extracted from the pituitary glands of animals or made synthetically. ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to release glucocorticoid hormones. These hormones are anti inflammatory in nature, reducing edema and other aspects of inflammation. Data from the early 1. ACTH may reduce the duration of MS exacerbations. In recent years it has been determined that synthetically produced glucocorticoid hormones e. Serial Para Reason Care Security' title='Serial Para Reason Care Security' />ACTH, are more potent, cause less sodium retention and less potassium loss, and are longer acting than ACTH. Activities of daily living ADLs Activities of daily living include any daily activity a person performs for self care feeding, grooming, bathing, dressing, work, homemaking, and leisure. The ability to perform ADLs is often used as a measure of abilitydisability in MS. Acute. Having rapid onset, usually with recovery not chronic or long lasting. Acute attack. See Exacerbation. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ADEMADEM is a brief but intense attack of inflammation in the brain, spinal cord and occasionally optic nerve that causes damage to myelin. Acute partial transverse myelitis. Indicates an acute rapid onset spinal cord inflammation that is positioned across the partial width of the spinal cord. The Simpsons Season 13 Dvdrip S. Acute transverse myelitis. Indicates an acute rapid onset of spinal cord inflammation that is positioned across the width of the spinal cord. Addison Schilder disease adrenoleukodystophyA rare genetic disease characterized by a loss of myelin surrounding nerve cells in the brain and progressive adrenal gland dysfunction. It is a metabolic disorder combining the characteristics of Addisons disease and cerebral sclerosis Schilder disease. Adductor muscle. A muscle that pulls inward toward the midline of the body e. ADLs. See Activities of daily living. Advance medical directive. Advance directives preserve the persons right to accept or reject a course of medical treatment even after the person becomes mentally or physically incapacitated to the point of being unable to communicate those wishes. Advance directives come in two basic forms 1 a living will, in which the person outlines specific treatment guidelines that are to be followed by health care providers 2 a health care proxy also called a power of attorney for health care decision making, in which the person designates a trusted individual to make medical decisions in the event that he or she becomes too incapacitated to make such decisions. Advance directive requirements vary greatly from one state to another and should therefore be drawn up in consultation with an attorney who is familiar with the laws of the particular state. Affective release. Also called pseudo bulbar affect or pathological laughing and weeping a condition in which episodes of laughing andor crying occur with no apparent precipitating event. The persons actual mood may be unrelated to the emotion being expressed. This condition is thought to be caused by lesions in the limbic system, a group of brain structures involved in emotional feeling and expression. Afferent pupillary defect. An abnormal reflex response to light that is a sign of nerve fiber damage due to optic neuritis. A pupil normally gets smaller when a light is shined either into that eye direct response or the other eye indirect response. In an afferent pupillary defect also called Marcus Gunn pupil, there is a relative decrease in the direct response. This is most clearly demonstrated by the swinging flashlight test. When the flashlight is shined first in the abnormal eye, then in the healthy eye, and then again in the eye with the pupillary defect, the affected pupil becomes larger rather than smaller. AFOSee Ankle foot orthosis. Ankle foot orthosis AFO An ankle foot orthosis is a brace, usually plastic, that is worn on the lower leg and foot to support the ankle and correct foot drop. By holding the foot and ankle in the correct position, the AFO promotes correct heel toe walking. Allodynia. A sensitivity to touch in which clothing or a light touch with a finger causes significant discomfort or pain. Antibody. Protein produced by certain cells of the immune system, which is produced in response to bacteria, viruses, and other types of foreign antigens. Anticholinergic. Refers to the action of certain medications commonly used in the management of neurogenic bladder dysfunction. These medications inhibit the transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses and thereby reduce spasms of smooth muscle in the bladder. Antigen. Any substance that triggers the immune system to produce an antibody generally refers to infectious or toxic substances. Aquaporin. Water channels through which water moves in cells also known as the plumbing system of the cells. Aquaporin 4. An aquaporin found in the nervous system that is the primary target of NMO. Aspiration. Inhalation of food particles or fluids into lungs. Aspiration pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs due to aspiration. Assistive devices. Any tools that are designed, fabricated, andor adapted to assist a person in performing a particular task, e. Assistive technology. A term used to describe all of the tools, products, and devices, from the simplest to the most complex, that can make a particular function easier or possible to perform. Ataxia. The incoordination and unsteadiness that result from the brains failure to regulate the bodys posture and the strength and direction of limb movements. Ataxia is most often caused by disease activity in the cerebellum. Atrophy. A wasting away or decrease in size of a cell, tissue, or organ of the body because of disease or lack of use. Autoantibody. A substance produced by the bodys immune system against its own cells, which it mistakenly recognizes as a threat. NMO Ig. G is an example of an autoantibody. Autoimmune condition or disorder. A process in which the bodys own immune system causes illness by mistakenly attacking healthy cells, organs, or tissue in the body. Autoimmune disease. A process in which the bodys immune system causes illness by mistakenly attacking healthy cells, organs, or tissues in the body that are essential for good health. Multiple sclerosis is believed to be an autoimmune disease, along with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and many others. The precise origin and pathophysiologic processes of these diseases are unknown. Autonomic nervous system The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary vital functions, including the activity of the cardiac heart muscle, smooth muscles e. The autonomic nervous system has two divisions the sympathetic nervous system accelerates heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure the parasympathetic nervous system slows heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles. Axon. The extension or prolongation of a nerve cell neuron that conducts impulses to other nerve cells or muscles. Axons are generally smaller than 1 micron 1 micron 11,0. Many axons in the central nervous system are covered with myelin. Axonal. Pertaining to the axon.